Wood carving paper

In ancient times, humans, given their daily lives and living alongside other creatures on Earth , used other creatures around them to meet their needs. They were testing the essentials of human life. Trees had and still have a special place in human life. Naturally, with the continuous and permanent connection of humans with the wood of trees , the characteristics of different tree species and the optimal use of each of these species greatly contribute to the use of the wood of these trees in the production of wooden products . In the wood of different tree species, different cellular tissues are created according to the growth region and the annual climate of that region, and naturally different physical properties are created.

One of the properties that has been considered for the use of wood is the surface and cellular resistance of wood to impacts and crushing. Due to the frequent use of different species of wood in different parts of the world and the study of resistance to impact and crushing against environmental factors, a practical technique and method was created among carpenters in the countries of the region, Europe. Manufacturers of wooden goods noticed that after making wooden goods, in places where scratches or dents had previously occurred, the dents and bumps disappeared after a few days. After numerous experiments and tests, they discovered that in some species, wood cells have the ability to repair and return to their original state.

used this ability to create techniques to fix defects created during their work . Over time, this technique became an embossing method in the production of various decorative wooden sheets .

To better understand this technique, the cellular and chemical structure of wood is considered . The three main components of wood structure include forty to forty-five percent cellulose - twenty to twenty-three percent hemicellulose - twenty to thirty percent lignin . Lignin is a natural mortar that holds wood cells together. Lignin provides strength and stiffness between wood cells. By changing the percentage of this substance in different wood species, the hardness of the wood changes. In the embossing technique, the main active agent is lignin . The state of lignin varies at different temperatures and humidity levels: as the environment heats up and cools down, and as the humidity increases and decreases, this substance causes significant reactions in the wood .

There are about 60,000 tree species on Earth, among which the most common and most widely used tree species by humans are: Over time, they have been selected for various applications. In Europe, most woodworkers use species such as beech, maple, birch, alder, alder, aspen in the production of wooden accessories . The physical resistance and hardness of these woods have been tested in the embossing technique and ideal results have been created. Beech and maple species were identified as the best woods for producing embossed wooden panels after undergoing various thermal and humidity tests . After this stage, slices were taken from different angles of the trunk of these species and exposed to steam for 10 minutes and then placed under pressure for 30 minutes . The type of deposits created on the surfaces of the wood pieces was examined . As a result, the resistance to crushing and cell reversal was confirmed in these two species and no changes were made to the structure and construction of the cell wall, and no ruptures or stresses were created at the points where crushing had occurred.

And in the next stage, the selection of appropriate tools for creating protrusions and creating various patterns were put into the field of experimentation. The material, shape, placement, and amount of pressure applied to the wooden boards create a variety of designs. The most commonly used shape and type of tool for creating regular geometric designs are rotating cylinders. They are designed with protrusions. The creation of patterns in these cylinders determines the amount of indentation and protrusion of the pieces of wood in proportion to the pressure created by the press .